Content Form:APRJA 13 Luca Cacini - Revision history

Simoon at 11:16, 29 October 2024

2024-10-29T11:16:35Z

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	Chang, Natasha C. “Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal.” ''Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,'' vol. 8, Mar. 2020, p. 138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00138.		Chang, Natasha C. “Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal.” ''Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,'' vol. 8, Mar. 2020, p. 138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00138.

	Chayka, Kyle. “Does Monoculture Still Exist on the Internet?” ''Vox'', 17 Dec. 2019, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/17/21024439/monoculture-algorithm-netflix-spotify.		Chayka, Kyle. “Does Monoculture Still Exist on the Internet?” ''Vox'', 17 Dec. 2019, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/17/21024439/monoculture-algorithm-netflix-spotify

	---. ''Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture.'' First edition, Doubleday, 2024.		---. ''Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture.'' First edition, Doubleday, 2024.

Geoffcox at 10:06, 15 October 2024

2024-10-15T10:06:42Z

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	== The ~~autophagic mode~~ of ~~production~~ ==		== The Autophagic Mode of Production ==

	In the analysis of Metabolic Systems, conducted by the research project Technosphere at HKW between 2015 and 2019, each organism is involved in the process of harnessing resources and transforming them into vital energies that are necessary for survival, expansion, and reproduction. (“Technosphere Magazine”) This process is part of the complex interaction between organisms and their environment. Exactly in the same way that a living organism metabolises nutrients, technical systems also engage in a very similar paradigm. The functioning of these systems requires extracting and absorbing the processing of particular kinds of matter and energy, and they gradually expand their presence across every dimension of our planet and life with each passing day. In doing so, they adhere to their own unique logic of acquisition and utilisation, which frequently results in a trajectory that is characterized by the extraction of resources and a tendency towards depletion. From a broader perspective, this dynamic interaction between technological systems and the surrounding environment reveals the vast industrial-scale processes that are characteristic of the expansive domain that is referred to as the Technocene. (López-Corona and Magallanes-Guijón)		In the analysis of Metabolic Systems, conducted by the research project Technosphere at HKW between 2015 and 2019, each organism is involved in the process of harnessing resources and transforming them into vital energies that are necessary for survival, expansion, and reproduction. (“Technosphere Magazine”) This process is part of the complex interaction between organisms and their environment. Exactly in the same way that a living organism metabolises nutrients, technical systems also engage in a very similar paradigm. The functioning of these systems requires extracting and absorbing the processing of particular kinds of matter and energy, and they gradually expand their presence across every dimension of our planet and life with each passing day. In doing so, they adhere to their own unique logic of acquisition and utilisation, which frequently results in a trajectory that is characterized by the extraction of resources and a tendency towards depletion. From a broader perspective, this dynamic interaction between technological systems and the surrounding environment reveals the vast industrial-scale processes that are characteristic of the expansive domain that is referred to as the Technocene. (López-Corona and Magallanes-Guijón)
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	The autophagic mode of production falls into this integrated conceptual framework incorporating humans, living nonhumans, organisms, and computational media. Specifically in Hayles's definition of techno symbiosis, in which machines evolve through humans and humans extend cognitive capacities through cognitive machines. The emergence of generative content production has revolutionised the process of creating and consuming media. The possibilities for content creation have expanded exponentially, thanks to AI- generated music, art, and algorithmically driven storytelling. Nevertheless, the surge in production capacity has also prompted questions regarding the future sustainability of the content creation process. How can we guarantee that the output of a previous generation is effectively incorporated into the system to stimulate the production of original content? The metaphor of the autophagic cellular mechanism provides an adequate framework for comprehending the frugal, self-sufficient nature of generative content self-reproduction. Within cells, this mechanism is dedicated to maintaining the system's internal balance and self-optimization, but its malfunction can give rise to nefarious consequences for the operation of the organism (Parzych and Klionsky), what are the implications of implementing this model in the cultural domain?		The autophagic mode of production falls into this integrated conceptual framework incorporating humans, living nonhumans, organisms, and computational media. Specifically in Hayles's definition of techno symbiosis, in which machines evolve through humans and humans extend cognitive capacities through cognitive machines. The emergence of generative content production has revolutionised the process of creating and consuming media. The possibilities for content creation have expanded exponentially, thanks to AI- generated music, art, and algorithmically driven storytelling. Nevertheless, the surge in production capacity has also prompted questions regarding the future sustainability of the content creation process. How can we guarantee that the output of a previous generation is effectively incorporated into the system to stimulate the production of original content? The metaphor of the autophagic cellular mechanism provides an adequate framework for comprehending the frugal, self-sufficient nature of generative content self-reproduction. Within cells, this mechanism is dedicated to maintaining the system's internal balance and self-optimization, but its malfunction can give rise to nefarious consequences for the operation of the organism (Parzych and Klionsky), what are the implications of implementing this model in the cultural domain?

	== The ~~propagation~~ of ~~synthetic disinformation~~ and the ~~risk~~ of a ~~media monoculture~~ ==		== The Propagation of Synthetic Disinformation and the Risk of a Media Monoculture ==
	The autophagic production mode in content creation from generative AI, as outlined in this article, pertains to the escalating infiltration of online content by bot-generated material, resulting in a notable decline in human-generated content on the internet. This phenomenon is intricately connected to the Dead Internet Theory, a conspiracy theory that is attributable to the paranoia arising from the depersonalisation of the Internet. This posits that the overwhelming majority of internet traffic, posts, and users have been supplanted by bots and AI-generated content, resulting in people no longer exerting influence over the trajectory of the internet. The theory consists of two primary elements: firstly, the displacement of human activity on the internet by bots, and secondly, the utilisation of these bots by actors to manipulate the human population for diverse purposes. The latter part of the theory, in the most classic conspirational fashion, posits that governments, corporations, or other entities are deliberately utilising these bots to manipulate the citizen population. In 2021, the theory gained more following and attention after a detailed post explaining the ideas behind the conspiracy was shared on a forum called Agora Road's Macintosh Cafe, under the thread titled "Dead Internet Theory: Most Of The Internet Is Fake."(''Dead Internet Theory: Most of the Internet Is Fake \| Agora Road’s Macintosh Cafe'') This post elucidated feelings of uneasiness, paranoia, and solitude while expressing profound disillusionment with the current state of the internet.		The autophagic production mode in content creation from generative AI, as outlined in this article, pertains to the escalating infiltration of online content by bot-generated material, resulting in a notable decline in human-generated content on the internet. This phenomenon is intricately connected to the Dead Internet Theory, a conspiracy theory that is attributable to the paranoia arising from the depersonalisation of the Internet. This posits that the overwhelming majority of internet traffic, posts, and users have been supplanted by bots and AI-generated content, resulting in people no longer exerting influence over the trajectory of the internet. The theory consists of two primary elements: firstly, the displacement of human activity on the internet by bots, and secondly, the utilisation of these bots by actors to manipulate the human population for diverse purposes. The latter part of the theory, in the most classic conspirational fashion, posits that governments, corporations, or other entities are deliberately utilising these bots to manipulate the citizen population. In 2021, the theory gained more following and attention after a detailed post explaining the ideas behind the conspiracy was shared on a forum called Agora Road's Macintosh Cafe, under the thread titled "Dead Internet Theory: Most Of The Internet Is Fake."(''Dead Internet Theory: Most of the Internet Is Fake \| Agora Road’s Macintosh Cafe'') This post elucidated feelings of uneasiness, paranoia, and solitude while expressing profound disillusionment with the current state of the internet.

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	"AUTOPHAGY \| English Meaning," ''Cambridge Dictionary''. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/autophagy.		"AUTOPHAGY \| English Meaning," ''Cambridge Dictionary''. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/autophagy.

	Bratton, Benjamin. "The Model Is The Message". ''Noema Magazine", July 2022. https://www.noemamag.com/the-model-is-the-message.		Bratton, Benjamin. "The Model Is The Message." ''Noema Magazine'', July 2022. https://www.noemamag.com/the-model-is-the-message.

	''BUSTA Texts''. https://carolinebusta.github.io/. Accessed 6 May 2024.		''BUSTA Texts''. https://carolinebusta.github.io/. Accessed 6 May 2024.

Geoffcox: /* Hacking the metabolism of AI */

2024-10-15T09:50:31Z

Hacking the metabolism of AI

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	= The Autophagic Mode of Production =		= The Autophagic Mode of Production =
	= Hacking the ~~metabolism~~ of AI =		= Hacking the Metabolism of AI =

	== Abstract ==		== Abstract ==

Christianvonand at 11:49, 11 October 2024

2024-10-11T11:49:18Z

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	Salvaggio, Eryk. “Shining a Light on ‘Shadow Prompting’” ''Tech Policy Press,'' 19 Oct. 2023, https://techpolicy.press/shining-a-light-on-shadow-prompting.		Salvaggio, Eryk. “Shining a Light on ‘Shadow Prompting’” ''Tech Policy Press,'' 19 Oct. 2023, https://techpolicy.press/shining-a-light-on-shadow-prompting.

	Schulhoff, Sander, et al. “Ignore This Title and HackAPrompt: Exposing Systemic Vulnerabilities of LLMs Through a Global Prompt Hacking Competition." ''Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,'' Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023, pp. 4945–77. ~~DOI.org (Crossref),~~ https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.302.		Schulhoff, Sander, et al. “Ignore This Title and HackAPrompt: Exposing Systemic Vulnerabilities of LLMs Through a Global Prompt Hacking Competition." ''Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,'' Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023, pp. 4945–77. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.302

	''Self-Cannibalizing AI.'' Directed by Ting-Chun Liu and Leon-Etienne Kühr, 100AD. media.ccc.de, https://media.ccc.de/v/37c3-12125-self-cannibalizing_ai.		''Self-Cannibalizing AI.'' Directed by Ting-Chun Liu and Leon-Etienne Kühr, 100AD. media.ccc.de, https://media.ccc.de/v/37c3-12125-self-cannibalizing_ai.

	Shumailov, Ilia, et al. “AI Models Collapse When Trained on Recursively Generated Data.” ''Nature,'' vol. 631, no. 8022, July 2024, pp. 755–59. ~~DOI.org (Crossref),~~ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07566-y.		Shumailov, Ilia, et al. “AI Models Collapse When Trained on Recursively Generated Data.” ''Nature,'' vol. 631, no. 8022, July 2024, pp. 755–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07566-y

	“Technosphere Magazine: Home.” ''Technosphere Magazine,'' https://technosphere-magazine.hkw.de/. Accessed 6 May 2024.		“Technosphere Magazine: Home.” ''Technosphere Magazine,'' https://technosphere-magazine.hkw.de/. Accessed 6 May 2024.

Christianvonand at 11:47, 11 October 2024

2024-10-11T11:47:08Z

Christianvonand at 11:26, 11 October 2024

2024-10-11T11:26:25Z

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	Chang, Natasha C. “Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal.” ''Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,'' vol. 8, Mar. 2020, p. 138. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00138.		Chang, Natasha C. “Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal.” ''Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,'' vol. 8, Mar. 2020, p. 138. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00138.

	Chayka, Kyle. “Does Monoculture Still Exist on the Internet?” Vox, 17 Dec. 2019,		Chayka, Kyle. “Does Monoculture Still Exist on the Internet?” Vox, 17 Dec. 2019, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/17/21024439/monoculture-algorithm-netflix-spotify.
	https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/17/21024439/monoculture-algorithm-
	netflix-spotify.
	---. ''Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture.'' First edition, Doubleday, 2024.		---. ''Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture.'' First edition, Doubleday, 2024.

Simoon at 12:23, 19 September 2024

2024-09-19T12:23:59Z

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			'''Luca Cacini '''
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	~~'''Luca Cacini '''~~

	<span class="running-header">The Autophagic Mode of Production</span>		<span class="running-header">The Autophagic Mode of Production</span>

Geoffcox at 12:56, 7 September 2024

2024-09-07T12:56:40Z

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	'''Luca Cacini '''		'''Luca Cacini '''

	<span class="running-header">The Autophagic Mode of Production~~: Hacking the metabolism of AI~~</span>		<span class="running-header">The Autophagic Mode of Production</span>

	= The Autophagic Mode of Production =		= The Autophagic Mode of Production =

Simoon at 11:46, 7 September 2024

2024-09-07T11:46:58Z

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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	'''Luca Cacini '''		'''Luca Cacini '''

			<span class="running-header">The Autophagic Mode of Production: Hacking the metabolism of AI</span>

	= The Autophagic Mode of Production =		= The Autophagic Mode of Production =

Simoon at 10:14, 7 September 2024

2024-09-07T10:14:10Z

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			__NOTOC__
	'''Luca Cacini '''		'''Luca Cacini '''
	~~__NOTOC__~~

	= The Autophagic Mode of Production =		= The Autophagic Mode of Production =
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	This article delves into the autophagic nature of generative AI in content production and its implications for cultural and technological landscapes, defined in the paper as technocene. From a broader perspective, it proposes a metabolic characterization of the technocene and explores the idea of how generative AI, such as large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and DALL-E, resembles an autophagic organism, akin to the biological processes of self-consumption and self-optimization. The article draws parallels between this process and cybernetics, then evokes the mythological symbol of Ouroboros, reflecting on the integration of opposites and the shadow phenomena in LLMs. Specifically, the article discusses the concepts of “Model Collapse”, "Shadow Prompting" and "Shadow Alignment," highlighting the potential for subversion and the generation of potentially harmful, rebellious content by LLMs. It also addresses the ethical implications of generative AI in art and culture, highlighting the risk of a media monoculture, the spread of disinformation and the emergence of a category of Hackers embracing methodologies to deviate these infrastructures. The discourse aims to emphasize the subversive forms of synthetic media that the process of Generative AI, embedded by repetition in the algorithmic model of the machine, may engender. By examining the autophagic nature of generative AI and its potential ethical and cultural ramifications, the article seeks to analyze the reterritorializing of the relations of production by humans in the context of content creation and consumption.		This article delves into the autophagic nature of generative AI in content production and its implications for cultural and technological landscapes, defined in the paper as technocene. From a broader perspective, it proposes a metabolic characterization of the technocene and explores the idea of how generative AI, such as large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and DALL-E, resembles an autophagic organism, akin to the biological processes of self-consumption and self-optimization. The article draws parallels between this process and cybernetics, then evokes the mythological symbol of Ouroboros, reflecting on the integration of opposites and the shadow phenomena in LLMs. Specifically, the article discusses the concepts of “Model Collapse”, "Shadow Prompting" and "Shadow Alignment," highlighting the potential for subversion and the generation of potentially harmful, rebellious content by LLMs. It also addresses the ethical implications of generative AI in art and culture, highlighting the risk of a media monoculture, the spread of disinformation and the emergence of a category of Hackers embracing methodologies to deviate these infrastructures. The discourse aims to emphasize the subversive forms of synthetic media that the process of Generative AI, embedded by repetition in the algorithmic model of the machine, may engender. By examining the autophagic nature of generative AI and its potential ethical and cultural ramifications, the article seeks to analyze the reterritorializing of the relations of production by humans in the context of content creation and consumption.

			<div class="page-break"></div>

	== The autophagic mode of production ==		== The autophagic mode of production ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 11 October 2024
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	<div class="workscited">		<div class="workscited">

	''AUTOPHAGY \| English Meaning - Cambridge Dictionary''. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/autophagy.		"AUTOPHAGY \| English Meaning," ''Cambridge Dictionary''. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/autophagy.

	Bratton, Benjamin. ''The Model Is The Message''. July 2022. ~~www.noemamag.com,~~ https://www.noemamag.com/the-model-is-the-message.		Bratton, Benjamin. "The Model Is The Message". ''Noema Magazine", July 2022. https://www.noemamag.com/the-model-is-the-message.

	''BUSTA Texts''. https://carolinebusta.github.io/. Accessed 6 May 2024.		''BUSTA Texts''. https://carolinebusta.github.io/. Accessed 6 May 2024.

	Chang, Natasha C. “Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal.” ''Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,'' vol. 8, Mar. 2020, p. 138. ~~DOI.org (Crossref),~~ https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00138.		Chang, Natasha C. “Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal.” ''Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,'' vol. 8, Mar. 2020, p. 138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00138.

	Chayka, Kyle. “Does Monoculture Still Exist on the Internet?” Vox, 17 Dec. 2019, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/17/21024439/monoculture-algorithm-netflix-spotify.		Chayka, Kyle. “Does Monoculture Still Exist on the Internet?” ''Vox'', 17 Dec. 2019, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/17/21024439/monoculture-algorithm-netflix-spotify.

	---. ''Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture.'' First edition, Doubleday, 2024.		---. ''Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture.'' First edition, Doubleday, 2024.
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	''Dead Internet Theory: Most of the Internet Is Fake \| Agora Road’s Macintosh Cafe.'' https://forum.agoraroad.com/index.php?threads/dead-internet-theory-most-of-the-internet-is-fake.3011/. Accessed 6 May 2024.		''Dead Internet Theory: Most of the Internet Is Fake \| Agora Road’s Macintosh Cafe.'' https://forum.agoraroad.com/index.php?threads/dead-internet-theory-most-of-the-internet-is-fake.3011/. Accessed 6 May 2024.

	'' Detoxifying Cybernetics:From Homeostasis to Autopoiesis and Beyond \| Medialab.'' https://medialab.timesmuseum.org/en/lectures/symposium-ii/katherine-hayles. Accessed 31 July 2024.		"Detoxifying Cybernetics:From Homeostasis to Autopoiesis and Beyond," ''Medialab.'' https://medialab.timesmuseum.org/en/lectures/symposium-ii/katherine-hayles. Accessed 31 July 2024.

	Gardels, Nathan. ''The Babelian Tower Of AI Alignment.'' Apr. 2024. ~~www.noemamag.com,~~		Gardels, Nathan. "The Babelian Tower Of AI Alignment." ''Noema Magazine,'' Apr. 2024.
	https://www.noemamag.com/the-babelian-tower-of-ai-alignment.		https://www.noemamag.com/the-babelian-tower-of-ai-alignment.

	Jung, C. G~~., and C. G. Jung~~. ''Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and		Jung, C. G. ''Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and
	Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy.'' 2d ed, Princeton University Press, 1970.		Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy.'' 2d ed, Princeton University Press, 1970.

	López-Corona, Oliver, and Gustavo Magallanes-Guijón. “It Is Not an Anthropocene; It Is Really the Technocene: Names Matter in Decision Making Under Planetary Crisis.” ''Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,'' vol. 8, June 2020, p. 214. ~~DOI.org (Crossref),~~ https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00214.		López-Corona, Oliver, and Gustavo Magallanes-Guijón. “It Is Not an Anthropocene; It Is Really the Technocene: Names Matter in Decision Making Under Planetary Crisis.” ''Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,'' vol. 8, June 2020, p. 214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00214

	Metz, Cade, et al. “How Tech Giants Cut Corners to Harvest Data for A.I.” ''The New York Times,'' 6 Apr. 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/06/technology/tech-giants-harvest-data-artificial-intelligence.html.		Metz, Cade, et al. “How Tech Giants Cut Corners to Harvest Data for A.I.” ''The New York Times,'' 6 Apr. 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/06/technology/tech-giants-harvest-data-artificial-intelligence.html.
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	''NEW MODELS 2024®.'' https://newmodels.io/. Accessed 6 May 2024.		''NEW MODELS 2024®.'' https://newmodels.io/. Accessed 6 May 2024.

	Parzych, Katherine R., and Daniel J. Klionsky. “An Overview of Autophagy: Morphology, Mechanism, and Regulation.” ''Antioxidants & Redox Signaling,'' vol. 20, no. 3, Jan. 2014, pp. 460–73. ~~DOI.org (Crossref),~~ https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5371.		Parzych, Katherine R., and Daniel J. Klionsky. “An Overview of Autophagy: Morphology, Mechanism, and Regulation.” ''Antioxidants & Redox Signaling,'' vol. 20, no. 3, Jan. 2014, pp. 460–73. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5371

	Presse, K. W. “KW Digital: Open Secret.” ''KW Institute for Contemporary Art,'' 8 June 2021, https://www.kw-berlin.de/open-secret/.		Presse, K. W. “KW Digital: Open Secret.” ''KW Institute for Contemporary Art,'' 8 June 2021, https://www.kw-berlin.de/open-secret/.

	Read, Max. “How Much of the Internet Is Fake?” ''Intelligencer,'' 26 Dec. 2018, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/12/how-much-of-the-internet-is-fake.html.		Read, Max. “How Much of the Internet Is Fake?” ''Intelligencer,'' 26 Dec. 2018, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/12/how-much-of-the-internet-is-fake.html

	Salvaggio, Eryk. “Shining a Light on ‘Shadow ~~Prompting’ \| TechPolicy.Press.”~~ ''Tech Policy Press,'' 19 Oct. 2023, https://techpolicy.press/shining-a-light-on-shadow-prompting.		Salvaggio, Eryk. “Shining a Light on ‘Shadow Prompting’” ''Tech Policy Press,'' 19 Oct. 2023, https://techpolicy.press/shining-a-light-on-shadow-prompting.

	Schulhoff, Sander, et al. “Ignore This Title and HackAPrompt: Exposing Systemic Vulnerabilities of LLMs Through a Global Prompt Hacking Competition." ''Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,'' Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023, pp. 4945–77. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.302.		Schulhoff, Sander, et al. “Ignore This Title and HackAPrompt: Exposing Systemic Vulnerabilities of LLMs Through a Global Prompt Hacking Competition." ''Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing,'' Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023, pp. 4945–77. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.302.
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	“Technosphere Magazine: Home.” ''Technosphere Magazine,'' https://technosphere-magazine.hkw.de/. Accessed 6 May 2024.		“Technosphere Magazine: Home.” ''Technosphere Magazine,'' https://technosphere-magazine.hkw.de/. Accessed 6 May 2024.

	''These Clues Hint at the True Nature of OpenAI’s Shadowy Q* Project ~~\| WIRED.~~''		"These Clues Hint at the True Nature of OpenAI’s Shadowy Q* Project," ''Wired''
	https://www.wired.com/story/fast-forward-clues-hint-openai-shadowy-q-project/.		https://www.wired.com/story/fast-forward-clues-hint-openai-shadowy-q-project/.
	Accessed 6 May 2024.		Accessed 6 May 2024.
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	''Why Computer-Made Data Is Being Used to Train AI Models.'' https://www.ft.com/content/053ee253-820e-453a-a1d5-0f24985258de. Accessed 6 May 2024.		''Why Computer-Made Data Is Being Used to Train AI Models.'' https://www.ft.com/content/053ee253-820e-453a-a1d5-0f24985258de. Accessed 6 May 2024.

	Yang, Xianjun, et al. ''Shadow Alignment: The Ease of Subverting Safely-Aligned Language Models.'' ~~1, 2023~~. ~~DOI.org (Datacite),~~ https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.02949.		Yang, Xianjun, et al. "Shadow Alignment: The Ease of Subverting Safely-Aligned Language Models." ''arxiv.'' https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.02949.

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